Translate the following word combinations into english вниз по руке

Обновлено: 06.07.2024

Суффикс-у образует прилагательные от существительных: salt соль—salty соленый. Суффикс-у также встречается у существительных и глаголов: remedy [‘remidi] лекарство; carry [‘kaeri] нести. У глаголов этот суффикс может читаться [ai]: to supply [ss’plai] снабжать.

Прочтите и переведите:

а) существительные: difficulty, study, body; б) глаголы: apply, multiply, study; в) прилагательные: happy, airy, wordy, healthy, sunny

Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: numerous [‘nju:rmrss] а многочисленный perform [рэТэ:т] v выполнять, осуществлять attend [э’tend] v посещать (лекции, собрания) listen [‘lisn] v слушать (to); прослушивать (to) deliver [di’liva] v читать (доклад, лекцию)

clear [klis] а ясный, чистый; прозрачный

need [ni:d] u нуждаться (в чем-л.); to need badly очень нуждаться (в чем-л.) deep [di:p] а глубокий

hard [had] а трудный, упорный; adv настойчиво, упорно possibility [.poss’biliti] n возможность term [ts:m] n семестр; термин several [‘sevrsl] а несколько

middle [‘midi] а средний; n середина; in the middle of в середине

whole [houl] а целый, весь

successful [sak’sesful] а успешный, удачный

Прочтите и переведите слова и словосочетания:

numerous [‘nju:rmr3s]: numerous books, numerous examples, numerous subjects, numerous things;

dear [klia]: a clear day, clear water, a clear head, the question is clear, it becomes clear;

need [m:d]: to need badly, I need a book, we need it very much, do you need any help? He needs great care.

whole [houl]: the whole day, the whole year, the whole world, the whole country, the whole summer;

successful fsak’sesful]: a successful beginning, a successful end, successfully, to pass the examinations successfully

Поставьте сказуемое в Present Indefinite (письменно):

1. The assistant carried out numerous experiments. 2. The students attended classes in different subjects. 3. The doctor listened to the heart. 4. Professor Sobolev delivered his lectures on Fridays.

* Проработайте таблицу 1 (стр. 270). Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Сколько падежей имеется в английском языке? 2. Какими способами передаются русские падежные отношения в английском языке? 3. Назовите способы передачи каждого из русских падежей в английском языке.

Объясните способы передачи падежных отношений. Предложения переведите:

1. The lectures delivered by the professors of our Institute are interesting.

Usually write my exercises with a ball-pen. 3. Our assistant’s experiments were successful. 4. He pays great attention to his studies.

Пользуясь таблицами 25,26 (стр. 299), ответьте на вопросы:

1. На какие вопросы отвечают существительные с предлогами at, in, on (to, into; from, out of)? Что они обозначают и как переводятся? 2. В каком еще значении могут выступать предлоги at, on, in? 3. Изучите таблицу прочих предлогов.

Объясните употребление предлогов:

1. We attend lectures in Biology on Mondays. 2. The third-year students had practice at the therapeutic department in March. 3. The winter session lasts from the beginning till the end of January. 4.1 shall go to my parents during my summer holidays.

В следующих предложениях обратите внимание на оборот ‘there is (there are)’ и его перевод. Ответьте на вопросы:

A There is a book on the table. На столе (лежит) книга.

There are books on the table. На столе (лежат) книги.

Б. There is no book on the table. На столе нет книги.

There are no books on the table. На столе нет книг.

В. Is there a book on the table? На столе есть книга?

Are there books on the table? На столе есть книги?

* Где стоит обстоятельство места в английском и русском предложениях? 2* С чего начинаются английские, предложения? 3.* Переводится ли самостоятельно слово tbere в обороте there is (there are)? 4. Когда употребляется этот оборот? 5. Как переводится оборот tbere is (there are)? 6. С каким артиклем стоит существительное в единственном числе после оборота there is, и употребляется ли артикль с существительным во множественном числе? 7. Какое отрицание употребляется после оборота there is (there are)? 8. Как образуется вопросительная форма предложений с оборотом there is (there are)? 9. Может ли оборот there is (there are) употребляться в прошедшем и будущем времени? Что изменяется в этом обороте?

Переведите следующие предложения:

1. There are two terms in the academic year. 2. There will be a meeting at the Institute. 3. There is a hostel near our Institute. 4. There was no medical article in the yesterday’s newspaper. 5. There were entrance examinations at the Institute in August.

Разберите по членам предложения и ответьте на вопросы:

It is cold today. Сегодня холодно. It was difficult. Было трудно. It will be warm. Будет тепло.

1. Есть ли подлежащее в русских предложениях? Как называются такие предложения? 2. Есть ли подлежащее в соответствующих английских предложениях? Если есть, то чем оно выражено? 3. Переводится ли подлежащее it? 4. Из чего состоит сказуемое безличного английского предложения?

* Переведите следующие предложения:

1. It is time to begin our experiment. 2. It was not cold yesterday. 3. Will it be difficult to do this work?

Выучите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на предлоги:

to listen to a lecture, in the middle of the tern, classes in numerous subjects, a lecture in Anatomy, a lecture on art, in the first (second) year, each of them, from (the) beginning to (the) end of. to be necessary for, to be useful to smb.

1. Прочтите текст Л. 2. Выпишите из текста предложения:

а) безличные; б) содержащие оборот ‘there is (are)’ 3. Приготовьте пересказ по следующему плану:

The lectures; 2. The work on Anatomy; 3. The academic year

Text A. Our Classes

Every day we have practical classes in numerous theoretical and special subjects. We perform different laboratory works and attend lectures in Biology, Anatomy and others. It is useful to us to listen to the lectures because the professors always deliver them clearly and scientifically.

We know that we shall need deep knowledge of Anatomy in our future work. Only hard work in the dissecting-room will give us the possibility to gain this knowledge. That is why there are always many students in the dissecting- room.

There are two terms in the first year. Each of them lasts for about 16-19 weeks. At the end of the winter term we shall take examinations in Physics and Chemistry. We shall have several credit tests, too. The winter holidays last from the end of January till the middle of February. At the end of the spring term we shall take examinations in the History of the CPSU and others.

It is necessary for us to work hard during the whole academic year if we want to pass our first examination session successfully, for “A good beginning makes a good ending”.

Explain the rules of reading:

ward, word, always, world, watch, fall, call, walk, worthy, war, whole, when, where, why.

Form the adjectives by means of the suffix ‘-y’ and translate them:

air, word, health, water, risk, sun

Put the given adjectives and nouns in proper pairs:

adv.: hard, several, successful, whole, human, deep, clear;

nouns: head, body, knowledge, work, subjects, day, examination

Extend the sentences choosing the necessary word combination from those given below:

.. each term the students have tests and examinations.

a) at the beginning of; b) at the end of

The medical students study Therapy.

a) in the first year; b) in the third year

Translate the following word combinations:

1. into the lecture hall; from the lecture hall; 2. at the window; to the window; between the windows; 3. among the students; 4. at the lesson; 5. at about 5 o’clock; 6. on the 8 th of March; 7. from 10 a. m. (ante meridiem) till 2 p. m. (post meridiem); 8. during the session; 9. in April; 10. on Tuesday

Translate the following word combinations into English:

1. вниз по руке; 2. ниже сердца; 3. за (позади) нашим общежитием; 4. во время лекции; 5. в течение трех дней; 6. лекарство от кашля; 7. рядом (около) больницы; 8. внутри брюшной полости; 9. к пяти часам; 10. с шести до семи часов; 11. на уроке; 12. в восемь часов вечера; 13. десятого декабря 1980 г.

Translate into English.

1. Мы будем слушать лекцию по физике в четверг в 11 часов. 2. Эта лекция по произведениям Маяковского была для нас очень полезна. 3. У нас бывает много занятий по различным предметам с начала до конца семестра. 4. Каждый из семестров на первом курсе длится около 16-19 недель. 5. Студентам-медикам необходимо хорошо изучать анатомию.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Вы пишете карандашом или шариковой авторучкой? 2. Вы ездите в институт троллейбусом или трамваем? 3. Вы сдаете зачеты в середине или в конце семестра? 4. Кто дает глубокие знания студентам?

Make the sentences negative and then interrogative:

1. There are foreign newspapers on the table. 2. There will be a lecture at our Institute tomorrow. 3. There was a concert in the hall yesterday.

Make up questions using the words given in brackets:

1. There are different scientific societies at our Institute. (what) 2. There was an interesting meeting in our group, (where) 3. There are many articles in this journal, (how many)

Put in the proper form of the verb ‘to be’. Define the type of eaclh sentence. Translate the sentences:

It. Wednesday today. 2. It. Tuesday yesterday.

It. Thursday tomorrow. 4. it cold or warm today?

Answer the following questions:

1. Is it hard or easy to study at the Medical Institute? 2. Was it warm or cold yesterday? 3. Will it be possible for you to perform operations next year or in five years? 4. Is it time to finish or to begin our English lesson?

Change the tense according to the adverbs given in brackets:

1. We have several lectures today, (yesterday, tomorrow) 2. Our doctors perform numerous experiments (last month, next week) 3. Medical students take several credit tests at the end of the term. (at the end of the last term, at the end of the next term)

Read Text В and say: a) what educational institutions are described in it; b) in what country they are; c) what difference there is between the academic year in our country and in that country:

The academic year in Britain’s universities has three terms which are from the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July, that is there are 10 weeks in each term.

In a Teacher’s Training College students have examinations at the end of each term, i. e. (that is) at the end of the autumn, spring and summer terms. Final examinations are at the end of a course of studies.

Read the passages and answer the questions:

They are students. They like Anatomy best of all. At the end of the first term they have a credit test in English. At the end of the academic year they have exams in Latin, Biology, Chemistry and Physics. На каком курсе учатся эти студенты?

My friends study, too. They want to become doctors. They like Anatomy, and Physiology best of all. They also have such subjects as Geography, Chemistry, Mathematics, Literature and others. В каком учебном заведении учатся его друзья?

Memorize the abbreviations used in a dictionary. Name the part of speech:

chill n, care v, born a, book v, according adv, since cj, since prp, sent p. p., ourselves pron

L* Прочтите слова и ответьте на вопросы: ш — she, short, show, shape, sharp;

[tj]—much, such, catch, watch;

[f] — physics, phone, physiology;

[9]—the, then, than, brother, father;

[0]—thing, theory, thick, thirty, health

Какое буквосочетание передает: а) звук [fl? [tj]? [f]? б) звук [д] в начале служебных слов и между гласными в знаменательных словах? в) звук [0] в начале и в конце знаменательных слов?

Суффикс-ion образует существительные от глагольных корней. Сочетания -tion, -ssion читаются [fn], а сочетание -sion после гласной читается [зп]. Ударение в словах с суффиксом -ion падает на предшествующий суффиксу слог: to protect [prs’tekt] предохранять, protection [pra’tekjn] охрана; to decide [di’said] решать, decision [di’si3n] решение.

Б. Прочтите и переведите:

consultation, occlusion, attention, Javasion, commission, session, occupation, obstruction

Ш. По сокращениям определите часть речи, найдите перевод в словаре и запомните слова:

Водная экосистема, углекислый газ, сернистый водород, вулканический кратер, эвригалинные организмы, толща воды, биотическое сообщество, сырьё, аутотрофный организм, эвригальный, стеногалинный, растворённый кислород, солёность, обитающий на дне, орошение,сероводород, источник энергии, морская экосистема, ключевой компонент, хемосинтезирующий.

Exercise 9 . Make up collocations using words from both columns.

aquatic	oxygen
raw	communities
euryhaline	materials
anaerobic	ecosystems
dissolved	bacteria
biotic	vents
volcanic	organisms

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Биотическое сообщество, также известное как биота или "биоценоз", - это группа организмов, которые живут вместе и взаимодействуют друг с другом в пределах окружающей среды или среды обитания.

2. Вулканические жерла - это отверстия в земной коре, из которых выбрасываются лавовые потоки.

3. Автотрофные организмы - это организмы которые производят органические соединения из неорганического материала.

4. Чрезмерный рост и распад растений и водорослей в результате увеличения количества питательных веществ в толще воды может значительно повлиять на количество доступного растворенного кислорода.

5. Эвригалинные организмы способны адаптироваться к широкому спектру солености.

6. Сероводород- это химическое соединение с формулой H2S, представляющее собой бесцветный халькогенг-гидридный газ с характерным неприятным запахом.

7. Солнечная энергия- это в основном энергия, получаемая от солнечного излучения.

Exercise 11 . Test yourself by answering these questions and summarize given information.

1. Where is an aquatic ecosystem located?

2. What are the two main types of aquatic ecosystems?

3. What does an aquatic ecosystem include?

4. What are the abiotic environmental factors of aquatic ecosystems?

5. What is the dissolved oxygen responsible for in а water body?

6. What are the euryhaline organisms?

7. Which species are salt intolerant?

8. How do you explain the term "biota"?

9. What are the most important autotrophic organisms in aquatic environments?

10. Do you know the difference between chemosynthetic bacteria and heterotrophic organisms?

Text C

It is interesting to know

Types of Water Resource

VOCABULARY LIST TO TEXT C

Exercise 12. Read and translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian .

Water resources, desalination plants, saltwater fish, tidal waters, hydroelectric energy, groundwater resources, vadose zone, saturated zone, water table, leaky underground tanks, salt water intrusion, suspended sediment, natural filter, stream flow, potable water supply, measure of water quality, phosphorus levels, dissolved oxygen levels, surface water systems, flooding problems, cone of depression.

наука о веществах, разлагаемый, может быть разделен, при обычной температуре, в трех состояниях, твердые вещества, до соответствующей температуры, состоять из двух и более различных веществ, азот и углерод, превращаться

XV. Read the text and translate it. Do the tasks below.

Chemistry

Chemistry is a science of substances, their structure, their properties and the reactions that change them into other substances. Chemistry is a great and complex subject.

Substances may exist in any of the three states. They may exist as solids, liquids or gases. Sulphur, iron and silver are solids at an ordinary temperature, bromine and mercury are liquids in the same conditions and oxygen and hydrogen are gases. But solid substances may become liquids if we heat them to a proper temperature. Liquids turn into gases at very high temperatures.

Elements and Compounds. All substances can be divided into two great classes, namely, elements and compounds.

An element is an undecomposable substance, all compounds are substances, which consist of two or more different substances, and so they can be decomposed into two or more simple substances. Water can be decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen.

Elements may be metallic and non-metallic. Nitrogen and carbon are non-metals, but lead and tin are metals.

XVI. Fill in the gaps with the proper words.

1. Do you know chemical …. of Hydrogen?

2. Iron and silver are …

3. Hydrogen is a …..

4. Elements are …. Substances.

( gas, properties, metal, elements, undecomposable )

XVII. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.

1. Chemistry is the science which deals …. substances, their structure and their properties.

2. The scientific foundation … chemistry began to appear in the 18 th century.

3. Water can be decomposed … oxygen and hydrogen.

4. Now there are more than 30 different branches … chemistry.

5. Sulphur, iron, and silver are solids … an ordinary temperature.

XVIII. Complete the sentences.

1. Chemistry is the science of substances, their structure , …

2. Liquids turn into gases ….

3. Sulphur, iron and silver are solid…

4. All substances can be divided …

5. All compounds are substances which consist of …

6. Water can be decomposed …

XIX. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Элементы следует разделить на 2 больших класса.

2. Серу, железо, серебро следует отнести к твердым веществам.

3. Бром и ртуть следует считать жидкими веществами

4. Вам следует нагреть твердые вещества до определенной температуры, чтобы получить их в жидком состоянии.

XX. Tick the sentences that are true and change the ones that are false.

1. Chemistry is a science of substances, their properties and the reactions.

2. All substances can be divided into three great classes.

3. Elements may be only non-metallic.

4. Sulphur, iron and silver are liquids.

5. Water can be decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen.

XXI. Answer the questions.

1. What is Chemistry?

2. Which states do substances exist in?

3. Is iron a liquid or a solid element?

4. May solid substances become liquids?

5. Which groups are all elements divided into?

XXII. Make up a plan of retelling.

XXIII. Retell the text.

XXIV. Make up a dialogue according to the topics.

2. Elements and compounds.

Lesson III

Hydrogen

Word formation: Suffixes of nouns - ion, - tion

Grammar: Degrees of comparison of the adjectives and the adverbs

Text: Hydrogen

Assignments to do:

Remember:

Suffixes -ion, - tion form the nouns from the verbs:

to prepare – готовить; preparation- подготовка;to translate – переводить; translation – перевод.

It is necessary for us to work hard during the whole academic year if we want to pass our first examination session successfully, for "A good beginning makes a good ending".

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

Explain the rules of reading:

ward, word, always, world, watch, fall, call, walk, worthy, war, whole, when, where, why.

Form the adjectives by means of the suffix '-y' and translate them:

air, word, health, water, risk, sun

Put the given adjectives and nouns in proper pairs:

adv.: hard, several, successful, whole, human, deep, clear;

nouns:head, body, knowledge, work, subjects, day, examination

Extend the sentences choosing the necessary word combination from those given below:

1. each term the students have tests and examinations.

a) at the beginning of; b) at the end of

The medical students study Therapy.

a) in the first year; b) in the third year

Translate the following word combinations:

1. into the lecture hall; from the lecture hall;2. at the window; to the window; between the windows;3. among the students;4. at the lesson;5. at about5 o'clock;6. on the 8 th of March;7. from10 a. m. (ante meridiem) till2 p. m. (post meridiem);8. during the session;9. in April;10. on Tuesday

Translate the following word combinations into English:

Translate into English.

Translate the following sentences into English:

Make the sentences negative and then interrogative:

1. There are foreign newspapers on the table.2. There will be a lecture at our Institute tomorrow.3. There was a concert in the hall yesterday.

Make up questions using the words given in brackets:

1. There are different scientific societies at our Institute, (what)2. There was an interesting meeting in our group, (where)3. There are many articles in this journal, (how many)

Put in the proper form of the verb 'to be'. Define the type of eaclh sentence. Translate the sentences:

1. It. Wednesday today.2. It. Tuesday yesterday.

It. Thursday tomorrow.4. it cold or warm today?

Answer the following questions:

1. Is it hard or easy to study at the Medical Institute?2. Was it warm or cold yesterday?3. Will it be possible for you to perform operations next year or in five years?4. Is it time to finish or to begin our English lesson?

Change the tense according to the adverbs given in brackets:

1. We have several lectures today, (yesterday, tomorrow) 2. Our doctors perform numerous experiments (last month, next week)3. Medical students take several credit tests at the end of the term. (at the end of the last term, at the end of the next term)

Read Text Вand say: a) what educational institutions are described in it; b) in what country they are; c) what difference there is between the academic year in our country and in that country:

The academic year in Britain's universities has three terms which are from the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July, that is there are 10 weeks in each term.

In a Teacher's Training College students have examinations at the end of each term, i. e. (that is) at the end of the autumn, spring and summer terms. Final examinations are at the end of a course of studies.

Read the passages and answer the questions:

Memorize the abbreviations used in a dictionary. Name the part of speech:

chill n,care v, born a,book v, according adv,since cj,since prp,sent p. p., ourselves pron

I.* Прочтите слова и ответьте на вопросы:

ш — she, short, show, shape, sharp;

[tj] — much, such, catch, watch;

[f] — physics, phone, physiology;

[d]—the, then, than, brother, father;

[0]—thing, theory, thick, thirty, health

Какое буквосочетание передает: а) звук [fl? [tj]? [f]?б) звук [d]в начале служебных слов и между гласными в знаменательных словах? в) звук [0] в начале и в конце знаменательных слов?

Суффикс-ionобразует существительные от глагольных корней. Сочетания -tion, -ssionчитаются [fn],а сочетание -sionпосле гласной читается [зп]. Ударение в словах с суффиксом -ionпадает на предшествующий суффиксу слог: to protect[pra'tekt] предохранять, protection[prs'tekjn] охрана; to decide[di'said] решать, decision [di'si3n] решение.

П. Прочтите и переведите:

consultation, occlusion, attention, Javasion, commission, session, occupation, obstruction

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