Heroku ubuntu что это

Обновлено: 08.07.2024

Heroku is a popular Platform-as-a-Service provider (PaaS) which makes it easy for developers to deploy web applications without an operations team. Heroku has been around since 2007, and is now owned by Salesforce.

This section provides an overview of what Heroku is, and why a developer might want to use it.

It should also mention any large subjects within Heroku, and link out to the related topics. Since the Documentation for Heroku is new, you may need to create initial versions of those related topics.

Creating Heroku Applications

You can use the heroku create command to create a Heroku application. Each application you deploy to Heroku has its own code base, environment variables, addons, etc.

Each Heroku application has a globally unique name. If you try to create a Heroku application whose name is already taken, you will get an error.

Here's how you can create a new Heroku application:

If you don't specify an application name when running heroku create , Heroku will create a random application name for you.

You can also specify the Amazon region in which your Heroku application should be created. By default, all Heroku applications are created in the us region. If you'd like to change the region, you can do so by creating the application like so:

Right now, there are only two public regions: us , and eu (Europe).

Installation or Setup

To create and manage Heroku apps locally you'll need the Heroku Toolbelt, here are some ways to get it.

Download

Download the Heroku Toolbelt installer from Heroku's website.

Homebrew

Install heroku with brew :

Debian/Ubuntu

Run this script:

This script adds the Heroku repository to apt, installs the Heroku release key, installs the Heroku Toolbelt and then installs Ruby if you need it.

As with any script you find online and pipe directly to bash we highly recommend you read the source first.

This stack is now based on Ubuntu 20.04, compared to Ubuntu 18.04 used in the Heroku-18 stack.

The python program will now run Python version 3, as Python 2 has reached end-of-life status. Python 2 is still available under the python2 program (at build time only). Users may also use Python 3 explicitly by invoking python3 .

The availability of a python program is a change from a standard installation of Ubuntu 20.04, which will only offer python2 and python3 programs. The python-is-python3 package ensures that existing software that executes python will be able to do so, but this requires the called Python code to be compatible with Python version 3.

This change of default for python only affects customers who use Python for ancillary purposes such as scripting during app startup or at build time. Python apps using the official Heroku Python support always receive the exact Python version specified by the app’s codebase, which takes precedence over the python program provided at the operating system level.

Available software

Every stack on Heroku supports different operating system packages and language runtime versions. This support is typically confined to software that was still actively developed by the respective maintainers at the time the stack was first released.

Language runtimes

For the most accurate information on supported language runtime versions, please check the individual language pages:

Buildpack	Shorthand	Runtime versions
Ruby	heroku/ruby	Runtime versions
Node.js	heroku/nodejs	Runtime versions
Python	heroku/python	Runtime versions
Java	heroku/java	Runtime versions
PHP	heroku/php	Runtime versions
Go	heroku/go	Runtime versions

Operating system packages

For a full list of operating system packages available on Heroku-20, please refer to article Ubuntu Packages on Heroku Stacks.

Support period

Heroku-20 is based on Ubuntu 20.04. It will be supported through April 2025. Learn more about Heroku’s stack update policy.

Using Heroku-20

Heroku-20 is currently the default stack for newly created apps.

You may also specify it explicitly when creating an app:

You may change the stack on an existing app; the next build performed will then use the new stack:

If you are using app.json , you should also specify the stack there to ensure that your Review Apps and Heroku CI runs use the same stack:

An existing app’s stack cannot be changed using app.json . The stack specified is only applied to newly created apps that are a Review App, a Heroku CI test run app, or an app created using a Heroku Button.

Upgrading to Heroku-20

Please refer to the stack upgrading guide to understand the procedures to follow when upgrading to a new stack.

We recommend that you monitor your application closely after migrating an app to the new stack to ensure it’s performing correctly.

Upgrade notes

The python program now points to Python 3

If your application’s code invokes the python program e.g. for scripting purposes during build or at runtime, this will now execute Python 3, so the code you’re running this way must be compatible with Python 3. You may alternatively use the python2 program to temporarily use Python 2, but keep in mind that this version of Python is end-of-life and no longer maintained.

The default OpenSSL configuration now requires use of newer TLS protocols and ciphers

The default Ubuntu 20.04 openssl configuration now sets a minimum TLS protocol version of v1.2. This means that TLS v1.0 and v1.1 are no longer supported by clients using OpenSSL to make outbound requests. This may manifest in the form of OpenSSL “ no protocols available ” errors if clients hardcode older protocol versions, or if servers do not support TLS v1.2 or higher. For apps using Python, an “ [SSL] internal error ” error may be shown instead of the “ no protocols available ” error.

In addition, the default OpenSSL security level ( SECLEVEL ), was changed from level 1 to level 2. This prevents OpenSSL from using insecure ciphers/keys and may result in “ sslv3 alert handshake failure ”, “ wrong signature type ” or “ dh key too small ” errors when connecting to servers that are running outdated/buggy software, or that have insecure configurations.

This change in OpenSSL configuration only affects outbound requests made by your application. TLS termination for inbound requests is handled by the Heroku Router, which is unaffected by the stack used by an app.

If you encounter OpenSSL related errors, first check to see if you can reproduce using curl , in order to rule out issues with third-party clients. For example:

If the curl command did not reproduce the error, then it’s likely there is a problem with the client/library used to make the connection from your application, such as it hardcoding an old TLS protocol version. Check whether there are newer versions of your application dependencies that fix the issue and if not, report the issue to the author of the library. The following dependencies are known to be incompatible:

If the curl command above did reproduce the error, it proves it’s not an issue with the specific client/library being used by your application. Next, try setting the OpenSSL security level back to 1, to confirm whether the default security level change was the cause:

If this now succeeds, then it likely means the server is running running outdated or misconfigured software that doesn’t perform key/cipher negotiation correctly. Contact the third-party server owner to request that it be fixed.

Datadog buildpack compatibility

Heroku-20 Docker image

Heroku-20 is available as two Docker images:

The runtime image ( heroku/heroku:20 ) is recommended for most workloads;
The build image ( heroku/heroku:20-build ) is larger and includes development headers. It is only recommended for customers that need to compile source code.

Use the following command in your Dockerfile to use Heroku-20 as your base image:

To learn more about deploying Docker images, please refer to the Heroku Container Registry and Runtime documentation.

The Heroku Command Line Interface (CLI) makes it easy to create and manage your Heroku apps directly from the terminal. It’s an essential part of using Heroku.

Download and install

The Heroku CLI requires Git, the popular version control system. If you don’t already have Git installed, complete the following before installing the CLI:

Download the appropriate installer for your Windows installation:

Run the following from your terminal:

Other installation methods

Standalone installation

The standalone install is a simple tarball with a binary. It contains its own node.js binary and will autoupdate like the above install methods.

To quickly setup into /usr/local/lib/heroku and /usr/local/bin/heroku , run this script (script requires sudo and not Windows compatible):

Otherwise, download one of the tarballs below and extract it yourself.

Tarballs

These are available in gz or xz compression. xz is much smaller but gz is more compatible.

Ubuntu / Debian apt-get

This version does not autoupdate and must be updated manually via apt-get . Use the snap or standalone installation for an autoupdating version of the CLI.

Arch Linux

This package is community maintained and not by Heroku.

The CLI is built with Node.js and is installable via npm . This is a manual install method that can be used in environments where autoupdating is not ideal or where Heroku does not offer a prebuilt Node.js binary.

It’s strongly recommended to use one of the other installation methods if possible.

This installation method does not autoupdate and requires you to use your system’s version of Node.js, which may be older than the version Heroku develops the CLI against. Heroku uses very current releases of Node.js and does not back-support older versions.

If you use any of the other installation methods the proper version of Node.js is already included, and it doesn’t conflict with any other version on your system.

Also, this method won’t use the yarn lockfile for dependencies like the others do (even if you install with yarn). This may cause issues if the CLI’s dependencies become incompatible in minor or patch releases.

This method is useful if you want fine-grained control over CLI updates such as in a tested script.

This installation method is required for users on ARM and BSD. You must have node and npm installed already.

Verifying your installation

To verify your CLI installation, use the heroku --version command:

You should see heroku/x.y.z in the output. If you don’t, but you have installed the Heroku CLI, it’s possible you have an old heroku gem on your system. Uninstall it with these instructions.

Getting started

After you install the CLI, run the heroku login command. You’ll be prompted to enter any key to go to your web browser to complete login. The CLI will then log you in automatically.

If you’d prefer to stay in the CLI to enter your credentials, you may run heroku login -i

The CLI saves your email address and an API token to

Now you’re ready to create your first Heroku app:

Check out your preferred language’s getting started guide for a comprehensive introduction to deploying your first app.

Staying up to date

The Heroku CLI keeps itself and its plugins (except linked plugins) up to date automatically, unless you installed the Debian/Ubuntu package or used npm install .

When you run a heroku command, a background process checks for the latest available version of the CLI. If a new version is found, it’s downloaded and stored in

/.local/share/heroku/client . This background check happens at most once every 4 hours.

The heroku binary checks for an up-to-date client in

/.local/share/heroku/client before using the originally installed client.

Latest release SHAs

Darwin

Linux

Windows

Useful CLI plugins

CLI plugins allow you to extend your CLI installation. Install a CLI plugin with heroku plugins:install someplugin . See Using CLI Plugins for more information on plugin management.

Here are some useful plugins you might want to try:

— View builds, purge the build cache, and create builds from tarballs — Commands to manipulate an app’s Heroku git repository — Make ad-hoc API requests (such as heroku api GET /account ) — Add extra heroku pg:* commands — Downloads app slugs — Manage Heroku Kafka — Display, tail, and search for logs with Papertrail. — Create and manage your Advanced Scheduler triggers.

CLI architecture

The Heroku CLI is built with the Open CLI Framework (oclif), developed within Heroku / Salesforce. oclif is available as a framework for any developer to build a large or a small CLI. The framework includes a CLI generator, automated documentation creation, and testing infrastructure.

The code for the Heroku CLI is also open source. It does not require Node.js or any other dependencies to run. Unless you install the Debian/Ubuntu package or use npm install , the CLI contains its own Node.js binary that does not conflict with other applications.

Troubleshooting

If you’re having issues with the CLI, first ensure that you’re using the latest version. If you’re not, try updating with heroku update .

Not all methods of installation support heroku update .

If you installed the CLI with apt , you need to use sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade heroku instead.
If you installed the CLI with npm or yarn , you need to use npm upgrade -g heroku or yarn global upgrade heroku instead.

If the CLI fails to update, try uninstalling it with the instructions below, then reinstalling it. Ensure that you don’t have the legacy Heroku Toolbelt or Heroku Ruby gem installed by using which heroku or where heroku (on Windows) to confirm what the heroku command points to. You might need to modify your PATH to include /usr/local/bin/heroku (for most installations).

If you’re still encountering an issue, you can set the following debugging environment variables to help diagnose it:

You can also check the CLI’s error logfile, which is stored at one of the following locations depending on your operating system:

If you continue to have problems and the CLI is up to date, or if updating fails for other reasons, you can reset the CLI by deleting its user directories. These directories are replaced automatically and you will not be logged out, but you will lose any installed plugins.

First, run heroku plugins to list your installed plugins so you can make sure to reinstall them.

Then, delete the following directories:

/Library/Caches/heroku on macOS, or

Login issues

On Windows, the file is named _netrc .

Homebrew-specific issues

If you get legacy warnings even though you installed the latest homebrew version of heroku, this is happening because the binary heroku command in your PATH environment variable is not pointing to the version that brew installed.

First, run which heroku to see what binary heroku is pointing to. If it is not /usr/local/bin/heroku , you need to either delete the binary it is pointing to, or make /usr/local/bin/ higher up in your PATH environment variable by modifying your

/.bashrc file or equivalent.

Next, run brew link --overwrite heroku to make sure that /usr/local/bin/heroku is pointing to the new CLI. If you continue to have trouble, run brew doctor which should point out any issues with your system.

Apple Silicon Issues

If you are getting the following error on a machine with an Apple M1 chip, this is happening because Rosetta 2 has either not been installed or was declined to be installed.

Bad CPU type in executable

Installing Rosetta 2 will resolve this issue.

If you don’t want to install Rosetta 2 on your machine, you can install the Heroku npm package globally and use your own Node binary locally (currently only v16 of Node has M1 ARM support), though this is not the recommend install method.

Uninstalling the Heroku CLI

Note that this also deletes all CLI plugins.

macOS

On macOS, you can uninstall the CLI by typing:

Homebrew

If you installed the Heroku CLI using Homebrew, you can uninstall the CLI by typing:

Linux

Standalone installs

For standalone installs, you can uninstall the CLI by typing:

Debian and Ubuntu installs

For Debian/Ubuntu, you can uninstall the CLI by typing:

If you have $XDG_DATA_HOME , and/or $XDG_CACHE_HOME it will use those variables instead of

You can remove the release key by running these commands:

Windows

On Windows, to uninstall the Heroku CLI:

Click Start > Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features .
Select Heroku CLI , and then click Uninstall . (Note that the uninstaller is unsigned)

The Windows uninstaller is not automatically updated alongside the CLI. If it’s been a while since you first installed the CLI and you’re attempting to uninstall it to fix an issue, you might first need to manually install the latest version of the CLI to obtain an up-to-date uninstaller.

If this is unsuccessful, manually delete %LOCALAPPDATA%\heroku along with the directory in Program Files.

Установка heroku на Linux

Стоит установить snap и потом выполнить:

Установка heroku на MacOS

Для начала, стоит поставить HOMEBREW:

Можно поискать пакет:

Для обновления платформы, используем:

Можно приступать к работе.

Работа с heroku в Unix/Linux

Деплой python проектов в Heroku

Переходим в существующий каталог ( где будут лежать все проекты):

Создаем риложение на Heroku, которое подготовит Heroku к получению вашего исходного кода:

Чтобы развернуть аппликейщин, стоит выполнить:

ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ: Для существующих репозиториев просто добавьте удаленную ссылку:

Т.к у меня фришний аккаунт, то я не могу знать сколько осталось у меня часов на использование платформы, чтобы проверить, можно использовать:

Приложение теперь развернуто. Убедитесь, что хотя бы один экземпляр приложения работает:

Чтобы поглядеть что вышло, выполните:

Или, можно просто зайти на УРЛ:

Можно поглядеть логи развертывания:

Приложение работает и если есть необходимость выключить его, то можно выполнить:

Запуск джанго приложения локально (пример что использую выше)

В скачанном прокте, выполняем:

NOTE: Буду юзать питон 3. И перед тем как заюзать данную команду, нужно поставить postgresql! У меня все есть, по этому идем дельше.

Для старта, выполняем:

Чтобы открыть апликейшен, откройте:

Если есть необходимость запушить локальные ченджы на хероку, то стоит выполнить ряд действий:

Собственно, открываем потом приложение.

Деплой Golang проектов в Heroku

Переходим в существующий каталог ( где будут лежать все проекты):

Создаем риложение на Heroku, которое подготовит Heroku к получению вашего исходного кода:

Пушим все это дело в хероку:

Открываем УРЛ или так:

Вот и все с Go приложениями.

Установка аддонов для Heroku

Чтобы посмотреть список аддонов, выполните:

Например, чтобы поставить papertrail, выполните:

Смотрим что вышло:

Или пример для papertrail:

Запуск SHELL в Heroku

Чтобы получить shell, выполните:

Если рассматривать пример на питоне ( что я юзал выше), то можно выполнить:

Тем самым, получим доступ к выполнению питона.

Установка переменных окружения в Heroku

Для того чтобы добавить переменую, используйте:

Чтобы посмотреть список всех переменных, используем:

Работа database в Heroku

Смотрим что имеется:

Смотрим переменные окружения:

Heroku также предоставляет команду pg, которая показывает гораздо больше информации:

Для подключения к удаленному серверу БД, используем:

2 thoughts on “ Установка heroku в Unix/Linux ”

Все сильно сложнее если хочется запустить это в docker-контейнере, да еще и перед приложением поставить Nginx

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